PEERAGE
			Last updated 06/08/2025
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
			SANDYS DE VINE
27 Apr 1523	B	1	Sir William Sandys	c 1470	Dec 1540
			Created Baron Sandys de Vine
			27 Apr 1523
			KG 1518
Dec 1540		2	Thomas Sandys		1560
1560		3	William Sandys		29 Sep 1623
29 Sep 1623		4	William Sandys		12 Nov 1629
12 Nov 1629		5	Elizabeth Sandys		c 1649
c 1649		6	William Sandys	c 1626	1668
1668		7	Henry Sandys		c 1680
c 1680		8	Edwin Sandys		c 1683
to			On his death the peerage fell into abeyance
c 1683
			SANKEY
30 Jan 1932	V	1	John Sankey	26 Oct 1866	6 Feb 1948	81
to			Created Baron Sankey 21 Jun 1929
6 Feb 1948			and Viscount Sankey 30 Jan 1932
			Lord Justice of Appeal 1928-1929. Lord
			Chancellor 1929-1935.  PC 1928
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SANQUHAR
29 Jan 1488	B[S]	1	Sir Robert Crichton		c 1495
			Created Lord Crichton of Sanquhar
			29 Jan 1488
			See "Crichton of Sanquhar"
			--------------------------------------------------
2 Feb 1622	B[S]	1	William Crichton,9th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar		1643
12 Jun 1633	B[S]	1	Created Lord of Sanquhar and
			Viscount of Air 2 Feb 1622,and Lord
			Crichton,Viscount of Air and Earl of
			Dumfries 12 Jun 1633
			See "Dumfries"
			SARFRAZ
11 Sep 2020	B[L]	1	Aamer Ahmad Sarfraz	25 Sep 1981
			Created Baron Sarfraz for life 11 Sep 2020
			SARSFIELD OF KILMALLOCK
17 Sep 1627	V[I]	1	Sir Dominick Sarsfield,1st baronet	c 1570	Dec 1636
			Created Baron of Barretts County and
			Viscount Kingsale 2 Apr 1625
			After his creation as Viscount Kingsale,the de
			Courcy family,Barons Kingsale,complained that
			the Kingsale title belonged to them,and the title
			was therefore exchanged for that of Viscount
			Sarsfield of Kilmallock 17 Sep 1627,with the
			precedence of 2 Apr 1625
Dec 1636		2	William Sarsfield		1648
1648		3	David Sarsfield		1687
1687		4	Dominick Sarsfield		1 Sep 1701
to			He was attainted and the peerages forfeited
1691
			SASSOON
29 May 2010	B[L]	1	Sir James Meyer Sassoon	11 Sep 1955
			Created Baron Sassoon for life 29 May 2010
			SATER
20 Jun 2018	B[L]	1	Amanda Jacqueline Sater
			Created Baroness Sater for life 20 Jun 2018
			SAUNDERS
15 Aug 1758	B[I]	1	Sir Arthur Gore		17 Apr 1773
			Created Baron Saunders and Viscount
			Sudley 15 Aug 1758 and Earl of
			Arran 12 Apr 1762
			See "Arran"
			SAUNDERSON
11 Jul 1627	B[I]	1	Nicholas Saunderson	c 1561	17 May 1630
			Created Baron Saunderson and
			Viscount Castleton 11 Jul 1627
			See "Castleton"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 Oct 1714	B[I]	1	James Saunderson,6th Viscount Castleton	c 1667	23 May 1723
to			Created Baron Saunderson 19 Oct
23 May 1723			1714,Viscount Castleton 2 Jul 1716
			and Earl Castleton 18 Jun 1720
			MP for Newark 1698-1705 and 1708-1710
			Peerages extinct on his death
			SAVAGE
4 Nov 1626	V	1	Sir Thomas Savage,2nd baronet	c 1586	20 Nov 1635
			Created Viscount Savage 4 Nov 1626
20 Nov 1635		2	John Savage	c 1603	10 Oct 1654
			He succeeded to the Earldom of Rivers (qv)
			in 1640 with which title this peerage then
			merged until its extinction in 1735
			SAVERNAKE
17 Jul 1821	V	1	Charles Brudenell-Bruce,2nd Earl of Ailesbury	12 Feb 1773	4 Jan 1856	82
			Created Viscount Savernake,Earl Bruce
			and Marquess of Ailesbury 17 Jul 1821
			See "Ailesbury"
			SAVILE
27 Oct 1888	B	1	Sir John Savile	6 Jan 1818	28 Nov 1896	78
			Created Baron Savile 27 Oct 1888
			For details of the special remainder included in the
			creation of this peerage,see the note at the
			foot of this page
			PC 1883
28 Nov 1896		2	John Savile Lumley-Savile	20 Sep 1853	3 Apr 1931	77
3 Apr 1931		3	George Halifax Lumley-Savile	24 Jan 1919	2 Jun 2008	89
2 Jun 2008		4	John Anthony Thornhill Lumley-Savile	10 Jan 1947
			SAVILE OF POMFRET
21 Jul 1628	B	1	John Savile	1556	31 Aug 1630	74
			Created Baron Savile of Pomfret
			21 Jul 1628
31 Aug 1630		2	Thomas Savile
			He was created Earl of Sussex (qv) in 1644
			with which title this peerage then merged
			SAVILLE OF ELAND
13 Jan 1668	B	1	George Saville	11 Nov 1633	5 Apr 1695	61
			Created Baron Saville of Eland and
			Viscount Halifax 13 Jan 1668,Earl of
			Halifax 16 Jul 1679 and Marquess of
			Halifax 17 Aug 1682
			See "Halifax"
			SAVILLE OF NEWDIGATE
28 Jul 1997	B[L]	1	Sir Mark Oliver Saville	20 Mar 1936
			Created Baron Saville of Newdigate for life
			28 Jul 1997
			Lord Justice of Appeal 1994-1997. Lord of
			Appeal in Ordinary 1997-2009. Justice of the
			Supreme Court 2009-2010. PC 1994
			SAWYER
4 Aug 1998	B[L]	1	Lawrence Tom Sawyer	12 May 1943	4 Aug 2025	82
to			Created Baron Sawyer for life 4 Aug 1998
4 Aug 2025			Peerage extinct on his death
			SAY
26 Jul 1313	B	1	Geoffrey de Say		1322
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Say 26 Jul 1313
1322		2	Geoffrey de Say	c 1305	26 Jun 1359
26 Jun 1359		3	William de Say	17 Jun 1340	1375	35
1375		4	John de Say	1373	27 Jul 1382	9
27 Jul 1382		5	Elizabeth Heron		8 Jul 1399
to			On her death the peerage fell into abeyance
8 Jul 1399
			SAYE AND SELE
3 Mar 1447	B	1	John Fiennes	c 1395	4 Jul 1450
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Saye and Sele 3 Mar 1447
			Lord Treasurer 1449-1450
4 Jul 1450		2	William Fiennes	c 1428	14 Apr 1471
14 Apr 1471		3	Henry Fiennes	c 1460	2 Aug 1476
2 Aug 1476		4	Richard Fiennes	1471	1 Oct 1501	30
1 Oct 1501		5	Edward Fiennes	c 1500	7 Mar 1528
7 Mar 1528		6	Richard Fiennes	c 1520	3 Aug 1573
3 Aug 1573		7	Richard Fiennes	c 1557	Feb 1613
Feb 1613		8	William Fiennes	28 May 1582	14 Apr 1662	79
7 Jul 1624	V	1	Created Viscount Saye and Sele
			7 Jul 1624
14 Apr 1662		9	James Fiennes	c 1603	15 Mar 1674
to		2	MP for Banbury 1625, Oxfordshire
15 Mar 1674			1628-1628,1640-1649 and 1660. Lord
			Lieutenant Oxford 1668-1674
			On his death the Barony fell into abeyance
			(but see below) whilst the Viscountcy
			passed to -
15 Mar 1674		3	William Fiennes	c 1641	9 Dec 1698
9 Dec 1698		4	Nathaniel Fiennes	23 Oct 1676	2 Jan 1710	33
2 Jan 1710		5	Laurence Fiennes	c 1690	27 Dec 1742
27 Dec 1742		6	Richard Fiennes	8 Jul 1716	29 Jul 1781	65
to			Viscountcy extinct on his death
29 Jul 1781
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 Jul 1715	B	10	Cecil Twisleton		1723
			She became sole heir in 1715
1723		11	Fiennes Twisleton	1670	4 Sep 1730	60
4 Sep 1730		12	John Twisleton	16 Jan 1698	1763	65
1763		13	Thomas Twisleton	c 1735	1 Jul 1788
1 Jul 1788		14	Gregory William Eardley-Twisleton-Fiennes	14 Apr 1769	13 Nov 1844	75
13 Nov 1844		15	William Thomas Eardley-Twisleton-Fiennes	24 Apr 1798	31 Mar 1847	48
31 Mar 1847		16	Frederick Benjamin Twisleton-Wykeham-	4 Jul 1799	26 May 1887	87
			Fiennes
26 May 1887		17	John Fiennes Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes	28 Feb 1830	8 Oct 1907	77
8 Oct 1907		18	Geoffrey Cecil Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes	3 Aug 1858	2 Feb 1937	78
2 Feb 1937		19	Geoffrey Rupert Cecil Twisleton-Wykeham-
			Fiennes	27 Dec 1884	18 Feb 1949	64
18 Feb 1949		20	Ivo Murray Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes	15 Dec 1885	21 Oct 1968	82
21 Oct 1968		21	Nathaniel Thomas Allen Twisleton-Wykeham-
			Fiennes	22 Sep 1920	20 Jan 2024	103
20 Jan 2024		22	Martin Guy Fiennes	27 Feb 1961
			SCALES
6 Feb 1299	B	1	Sir Robert de Scales		1305
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Scales 6 Feb 1299
1305		2	Robert de Scales		1324
1324		3	Robert de Scales		13 Aug 1369
13 Aug 1369		4	Roger de Scales		25 Dec 1386
25 Dec 1386		5	Robert de Scales		7 Dec 1402
7 Dec 1402		6	Robert de Scales		1 Jul 1419
1 Jul 1419		7	Thomas de Scales		25 Jul 1460
			KG 1426
25 Jul 1460		8	Elizabeth Wydville		2 Sep 1473
to			She married Anthony Wydville who was
1483			summoned in her right. On his death in 1483
			the peerage fell into abeyance
			SCANLON
19 Feb 1979	B[L]	1	Hugh Parr Scanlon	26 Oct 1913	27 Jan 2004	90
to			Created Baron Scanlon for life 19 Feb 1979
27 Jan 2004			Peerage extinct on his death
			SCARBROUGH
15 Apr 1690	E	1	Richard Lumley,2nd Viscount Lumley [I]	Mar 1650	17 Dec 1721	71
			Created Baron Lumley 31 May 1681,
			Viscount Lumley 10 Apr 1689 and Earl
			of Scarbrough 15 Apr 1690
			Lord Lieutenant Northumberland 1689-1721
			and Durham 1690-1712 and 1714-1721. Chancellor
			of the Duchy of Lancaster 1716-1717  PC 1689
17 Dec 1721		2	Richard Lumley	30 Nov 1686	29 Jan 1740	53
			MP for East Grinstead 1708-1710 and
			Arundel 1710-1715. Lord Lieutenant
			Northumberland 1722-1740.  KG 1724  PC 1727
			He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of
			Acceleration as Baron Lumley 4 Mar 1715
29 Jan 1740		3	Thomas Lumley-Saunderson	c 1691	15 Mar 1752
			MP for Arundel 1722-1727 and Lincolnshire
			1727-1740
15 Mar 1752		4	Richard Lumley-Saunderson	May 1725	12 May 1782	57
			PC 1765
12 May 1782		5	George Augusta Lumley-Saunderson	22 Sep 1753	5 Sep 1807	53
			MP for Lincoln 1774-1780
5 Sep 1807		6	Richard Lumley-Saunderson	3 Apr 1757	17 Jun 1832	75
			MP for Lincoln 1784-1790
17 Jun 1832		7	John Lumley-Savile	15 Jun 1760	21 Feb 1835	74
21 Feb 1835		8	John Lumley-Savile	18 Jul 1788	29 Oct 1856	68
			MP for Nottinghamshire 1826-1832 and
			Nottinghamshire North 1832-1835. Lord
			Lieutenant Nottingham 1839-1856
29 Oct 1856		9	Richard George Lumley	7 May 1813	5 Dec 1884	71
5 Dec 1884		10	Alfred Frederick George Beresford Lumley	16 Nov 1857	4 Mar 1945	87
			Lord Lieutenant W Riding Yorkshire
			1892-1904.  KG 1929
4 Mar 1945		11	Lawrence Roger Lumley	27 Jul 1896	29 Jun 1969	72
			MP for Hull East 1922-1929 and York
			1931-1937. Governor of Bombay 1937-1943.
			Lord Lieutenant W Riding Yorkshire 1948-69
			KG 1948  PC 1952
29 Jun 1969		12	Richard Aldred Lumley	5 Dec 1932	23 Mar 2004	71
			Lord Lieutenant South Yorkshire 1996-2004
23 Mar 2004		13	Richard Osbert Lumley	18 May 1973
			SCARMAN
30 Sep 1977	B[L]	1	Sir Leslie George Scarman	29 Jul 1911	8 Dec 2004	93
to			Created Baron Scarman for life 30 Sep 1977
8 Dec 2004			Lord Justice of Appeal 1973-1977. Lord of
			Appeal in Ordinary 1977-1986.  PC 1973
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SCARSDALE
11 Nov 1645	E	1	Sir Francis Leke,1st baronet	by 1581	9 Apr 1655
			Created Baron Deincourt of Sutton
			26 Oct 1624 and Earl of Scarsdale
			11 Nov 1645
9 Apr 1655		2	Nicholas Leke	1 Oct 1612	27 Jan 1681	68
27 Jan 1681		3	Robert Leke	9 Mar 1654	27 Dec 1707	53
			MP for Newark 1679. Lord Lieutenant
			Derbyshire 1685-1687
27 Dec 1707		4	Nicholas Leke	c 1682	17 Jul 1736
to			Lord Lieutenant Derbyshire 1711-1714.
17 Jul 1736			Peerages extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 Apr 1761	B	1	Sir Nathaniel Curzon,5th baronet	19 Jan 1727	5 Dec 1804	77
			Created Baron Scarsdale 9 Apr 1761
			MP for Clitheroe 1748-1754 and Derbyshire
			1754-1761
5 Dec 1804		2	Nathaniel Curzon	27 Sep 1751	27 Jan 1837	75
			MP for Derbyshire 1775-1784
27 Jan 1837		3	Nathaniel Curzon	3 Jan 1781	12 Nov 1856	75
12 Nov 1856		4	Alfred Nathaniel Holden Curzon	12 Jul 1831	23 Mar 1916	84
23 Mar 1916		5	George Nathaniel Curzon,1st Earl Curzon of
2 Nov 1911	V	1	Kedleston
			Created Viscount Scarsdale 2 Nov 1911	11 Jan 1859	20 Mar 1925	66
			For details of the special remainder included in the
			creation of this peerage,see the note at the
			foot of this page
20 Mar 1925		2	Richard Nathaniel Curzon	3 Jul 1898	19 Oct 1977	79
19 Oct 1977		3	Francis John Nathaniel Curzon	28 Jul 1924	2 Aug 2000	76
2 Aug 2000		4	Peter Ghislain Nathaniel Curzon	6 Mar 1949
			SCHOMBERG
10 Apr 1689	D	1	Frederic Armand de Schomberg	6 Dec 1615	1 Jul 1690	74
			Created Baron Teyes,Earl of
			Brentford,Marquess of Harwich and
			Duke of Schomberg 10 Apr 1689
			KG 1689  PC 1689
1 Jul 1690		2	Charles de Schomberg	5 Aug 1645	17 Oct 1693	48
17 Oct 1693		3	Meinhart de Schomberg	30 Jun 1641	5 Jul 1719	78
to			Created Duke of Leinster (qv) 3 Mar 1691
5 Jul 1719			PC 1695 KG 1703
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SCHON
27 Jan 1976	B[L]	1	Sir Frank Schon	18 May 1912	7 Jan 1995	82
to			Created Baron Schon for life 27 Jan 1976
7 Jan 1995			Peerage extinct on his death
			SCHUSTER
26 Jun 1944	B	1	Sir Claud Schuster	22 Aug 1869	28 Jun 1956	86
to			Created Baron Schuster 26 Jun 1944
28 Jun 1956			Peerage extinct on his death
			SCONE
7 Apr 1605	B[S]	1	Sir David Murray		27 Aug 1631
			Created Lord Scone 7 Apr 1605 and
			Viscount of Stormont 16 Aug 1621
			See "Stormont"
			SCOTLAND OF ASTHAL
30 Oct 1997	B[L]	1	Patricia Janet Scotland	19 Aug 1955
			Created Baroness Scotland of Asthal for life
			30 Oct 1997
			PC 2001
			SCOTT OF BUCCLEUCH
18 Mar 1606	B[S]	1	Sir Walter Scott	1565	15 Dec 1611	46
			Created Lord Scott of Buccleuch
			18 Mar 1606
15 Dec 1611		2	Walter Scott		20 Nov 1633
			Created Baron Scott of Whitchester
			and Eskdale and Earl of Buccleuch
			16 Mar 1619
			See "Buccleuch"
			SCOTT OF BYBROOK
8 Oct 2015	B[L]	1	Jane Antoinette Scott	13 Jun 1947
			Created Baroness Scott of Bybrook for life
			8 Oct 2015
			SCOTT OF FOSCOTE
17 Jul 2000	B[L]	1	Sir Richard Rashleigh Folliott Scott	2 Oct 1934
			Created Baron Scott of Foscote for life
			17 Jul 2000
			Lord Justice of Appeal 1991-1994. Lord of
			Appeal in Ordinary 2000-2009   PC 1991
			SCOTT OF GOLDIELANDS
29 Mar 1706	B[S]	1	Henry Scott	1676	25 Dec 1730	54
			Created Lord Scott of Goldielands,
			Viscount of Hermitage and Earl of
			Deloraine 29 Mar 1706
			See "Deloraine"
			SCOTT OF NEEDHAM MARKET
11 May 2000	B[L]	1	Rosalind Carol Scott	10 Aug 1957
			Created Baroness Scott of Needham Market
			for life 11 May 2000
			SCOTT OF TYNDALE
14 Feb 1663	B	1	James Scott	9 Apr 1649	15 Jul 1685	36
to			Created Baron Scott of Tyndale,Earl
15 Jul 1685			of Doncaster and Duke of Monmouth
			14 Feb 1663
			Illegitimate son of Charles II. Lord
			Lieutenant E Riding Yorkshire 1673-1679 and
			Staffordshire 1677-1679. KG 1663  PC 1670
			He was attainted and the peerages forfeited
			but on 21 Mar 1742 the Barony and Earldom
			were restored to the second Duke of
			Buccleuch (qv)
			*****************
11 Apr 1807			Charles William Henry Montagu-Scott	24 May 1772	20 Apr 1819	46
			He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of
			Acceleration as Baron Scott of Tyndale
			11 Apr 1807
			He succeeded as Duke of Buccleuch and
			Queensberry (qv) in 1812
			SCOTT OF WHITCHESTER & ESKDALE
16 Mar 1619	B[S]	1	Walter Scott,2nd Lord Scott of Buccleuch		20 Nov 1633
			Created Baron Scott of Whitchester
			and Eskdale and Earl of Buccleuch
			16 Mar 1619
			See "Buccleuch"
			SCRIMGEOUR
1641	B[S]	1	Sir John Scrimgeour		7 Mar 1643
			Created Lord Scrimgeour and Viscount
			of Dudhope 1641
			See "Dudhope"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1661	B[S]	1	John Scrimgeour,3rd Viscount Dudhope		23 Jun 1668
to			Created Lord Scrimgeour,Viscount of
23 Jun 1668			Dudhope and Earl of Dundee 1661
			On his death the peerage became either
			extinct or dormant
			SCRIVEN
19 Sep 2014	B[L]	1	Paul James Scriven	7 Feb 1966
			Created Baron Scriven for life 19 Sep 2014
			SCROPE OF BOLTON
8 Jan 1371	B	1	Sir Richard le Scrope	c 1327	30 May 1403
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Scrope 8 Jan 1371
30 May 1403		2	Roger le Scrope		3 Dec 1403
3 Dec 1403		3	Richard le Scrope	31 May 1393	29 Aug 1420	27
29 Aug 1420		4	Henry le Scrope	4 Jun 1418	14 Jan 1459	40
14 Jan 1459		5	John le Scrope	22 Jul 1435	27 Aug 1498	63
			KG 1463
27 Aug 1498		6	Henry le Scrope		1506
1506		7	Henry le Scrope	c 1480	Dec 1533
Dec 1533		8	John le Scrope		22 Jun 1549
22 Jun 1549		9	Henry le Scrope	c 1534	10 May 1591
			KG 1584
10 May 1591		10	Thomas Scrope	c 1567	8 Sep 1609
			KG 1599
8 Sep 1609		11	Emanuel Scrope,1st Earl of Sunderland	1 Aug 1584	30 May 1630	45
to			Lord Lieutenant Yorkshire 1628
30 May 1630			Peerage extinct or dormant on his death
			SCROPE OF MASHAM
25 Nov 1350	B	1	Henry le Scrope	29 Sep 1312	31 Jul 1391	78
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Scrope 25 Nov 1350
31 Jul 1391		2	Stephen le Scrope	c 1345	25 Jan 1406
25 Jan 1406		3	Henry le Scrope	c 1373	5 Aug 1415
to			Lord Treasurer 1409.  KG 1410
5 Aug 1415			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
1426		4	John le Scrope		15 Nov 1455
			He obtained a reversal of the attainder
			in 1426
			Lord Treasurer 1432
15 Nov 1455		5	Thomas le Scrope	c 1428	1475
1475		6	Thomas le Scrope	c 1459	23 Apr 1493
23 Apr 1493		7	Alice le Scrope		1502
1502		8	Elizabeth le Scrope		after 1502
after 1502		9	Henry le Scrope		c 1512
c 1512		10	Ralph le Scrope		17 Sep 1515
17 Sep 1515		11	Geoffrey le Scrope		1517
to			On his death the peerage fell into abeyance
1517
			SCUDAMORE
1 Jul 1628	V[I]	1	Sir John Scudamore,1st baronet	22 Mar 1601	19 May 1671	70
			Created Baron Dromore and Viscount
			Scudamore 1 Jul 1628
			MP for Herefordshire 1621-1625 and
			Hereford 1625 and 1628-1629.
19 May 1671		2	John Scudamore	c 1650	22 Jul 1697
			MP for Hereford 1673-1679 and
			Herefordshire 1679-1681
Jul 1697		3	James Scudamore	15 Jul 1684	2 Dec 1716	32
to			MP for Herefordshire 1705-1715 and
2 Dec 1716			Hereford 1715-1716
			Peerages extinct on his death
			SEAFIELD
24 Jun 1701	E[S]	1	James Ogilvy	11 Jul 1663	19 Aug 1730	67
			Created Lord Ogilvy of Cullen and
			Viscount of Seafield 24 Jun 1698 and
			Lord Ogilvy,Viscount of Reidhaven
			and Earl of Seafield 24 Jun 1701
			KT 1704  PC 1708
			Succeeded as 4th Earl of Findlater (qv)
			in 1711
19 Aug 1730		2	James Ogilvy,5th Earl of Findlater		9 Jul 1764
9 Jul 1764		3	James Ogilvy,6th Earl of Findlater		3 Nov 1770
3 Nov 1770		4	James Ogilvy,7th Earl of Findlater	10 Apr 1750	5 Oct 1811	61
5 Oct 1811		5	Sir Lewis Alexander Grant-Ogilvy,9th baronet	22 Mar 1767	26 Oct 1840	73
			MP for Elginshire 1790-1796
			The Earldom of Findlater extinct on his death
26 Oct 1840		6	Francis William Ogilvy-Grant	6 Mar 1778	30 Jul 1853	75
			MP for Elgin Burghs 1802-1806, Inverness
			Burghs 1806-1807, Elginshire 1807-1832 and
			Elgin & Nairnshires 1832-1840. Lord
			Lieutenant Inverness 1809-1853
30 Jul 1853		7	John Charles Ogilvy-Grant	4 Sep 1815	18 Feb 1881	65
			Created Baron Strathspey 14 Aug 1858
			KT 1879
18 Feb 1881		8	Ian Charles Ogilvy-Grant	7 Oct 1851	31 Mar 1884	32
31 Mar 1884		9	James Ogilvy-Grant	27 Dec 1817	5 Jun 1888	70
			Created Baron Strathspey 17 Jun 1884
			MP for Elgin and Nairn 1868-1874
5 Jun 1888		10	Francis William Ogilvy-Grant	9 Mar 1847	3 Dec 1888	41
			For further information on this peer,
			see the note at the foot of this page
3 Dec 1888		11	James Ogilvie-Grant	18 Apr 1876	12 Nov 1915	39
12 Nov 1915		12	Nina Caroline Studley-Herbert	17 Apr 1906	30 Sep 1969	63
			For further information on a claim to this peerage
			made in 1925/26 see the note at the foot of
			this page
30 Sep 1969		13	Ian Derek Francis Ogilvie-Grant	20 Mar 1939
			SEAFORD
15 Jul 1826	B	1	Charles Rose Ellis	19 Dec 1771	1 Jul 1845	73
			Created Baron Seaford 15 Jul 1826
			MP for Heytesbury 1793-1796, Seaford
			1796-1806 and 1812-1826, and East
			Grinstead 1807-1812
1 Jul 1845		2	Charles Augustus Ellis	5 Jun 1799	29 Aug 1868	69
			He had previously succeeded as 6th Lord Howard
			de Walden (qv) in 1803
29 Aug 1868		3	Frederick George Ellis  (also 7th Lord Howard
			de Walden)	9 Aug 1830	3 Nov 1899	69
3 Nov 1899		4	Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis  (also 8th Lord Howard
			de Walden)	9 May 1880	5 Nov 1946	66
5 Nov 1946		5	John Osmael Scott-Ellis  (also 9th Lord Howard
			de Walden)	27 Nov 1912	9 Jul 1999	86
9 Jul 1999		6	Colin Humphrey Felton Ellis	19 Apr 1946
			SEAFORTH
3 Dec 1623	E[S]	1	Colin Mackenzie,2nd Lord Mackenzie of Kintail		15 Mar 1633
			Created Earl of Seaforth 3 Dec 1623
15 Mar 1633		2	George Mackenzie		Aug 1651
Aug 1651		3	Kenneth Mackenzie		16 Dec 1678
16 Dec 1678		4	Kenneth Mackenzie	8 Dec 1661	Jan 1701	39
			KT 1687
Jan 1701		5	William Mackenzie		8 Jan 1740
to			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
7 May 1716
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Dec 1771	E[I]	1	Kenneth Mackenzie	15 Jan 1744	Aug 1781	37
to			Created Baron of Ardelve and
Aug 1781			Viscount Fortrose 18 Nov 1766, and
			Earl of Seaforth 3 Dec 1771
			MP for Buteshire & Caithness 1768-1774
			Peerages extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26 Oct 1797	B	1	Francis Humberston Mackenzie	9 Jun 1754	11 Jan 1815	60
to			Created Baron Seaforth 26 Oct 1797
11 Jan 1815			MP for Ross-shire 1784-1790 and 1794-1796
			Lord Lieutenant Ross-shire
			Peerage extinct on his death
			For information on the 'Seaforth Curse', see the
			note at the foot of this page.
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 Jan 1921	B	1	James Alexander Francis Humberston
to			Stewart-Mackenzie	9 Oct 1847	3 Mar 1923	75
3 Mar 1923			Created Baron Seaforth 19 Jan 1921
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SEAHAM
8 Jul 1823	V	1	Charles William Vane	18 May 1778	6 Mar 1854	75
			Created Baron Stewart of Stewart's
			Court 1 Jul 1814,and Viscount Seaham
			and Earl Vane 8 Jul 1823
			See "Londonderry"
			SEATON
14 Dec 1839	B	1	Sir John Colborne	16 Feb 1778	17 Apr 1863	85
			Created Baron Seaton 14 Dec 1839
			Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada 1828-
			1838. Field Marshal 1860  PC [I] 1855
			For information on his son John Colborne,see the
			note at the foot of this page
17 Apr 1863		2	James Colborne	1816	11 Oct 1888	72
11 Oct 1888		3	John Reginald Upton Eliot-Drake-Colborne	4 Jul 1854	11 Aug 1933	79
11 Aug 1933		4	James Ulysses Graham Raymond Colborne-
to			Vivian	20 Apr 1863	12 Mar 1955	91
12 Mar 1955			Peerage extinct on his death
			SECCOMBE
14 Feb 1991	B[L]	1	Dame Joan Anna Dalziel Seccombe	3 May 1930
			Created Baroness Seccombe for life
			14 Feb 1991
			SEDWILL
15 Sep 2020	B[L]	1	Sir Mark Philip Sedwill, K.C.M.G.	21 Oct 1964
			Created Baron Sedwill for life
			15 Sep 2020
			SEEAR
18 May 1971	B[L]	1	Beatrice Nancy Seear	7 Aug 1913	23 Apr 1997	83
to			Created Baroness Seear for life 18 May 1971
23 Apr 1997			PC 1985
			Peerage extinct on her death
			SEEBOHM
28 Apr 1972	B[L]	1	Sir Frederic Seebohm	18 Jan 1909	15 Sep 1990	81
to			Created Baron Seebohm for life 28 Apr 1972
15 Dec 1990			Peerage extinct on his death
			SEFTON
30 Nov 1771	E[I]	1	Charles William Molyneux,8th Viscount
			Molyneux	11 Oct 1748	25 Dec 1794	46
			Created Earl of Sefton 30 Nov 1771
			MP for Lancashire 1771-1774
25 Dec 1794		2	William Philip Molyneux	18 Sep 1772	20 Nov 1838	66
			Created Baron Sefton [UK] 20 Jun 1831
			MP for Droitwich 1816-1831.
20 Nov 1838		3	Charles William Molyneux	10 Jul 1796	2 Aug 1855	59
			MP for Lancashire South 1832-1835. Lord
			Lieutenant Lancashire 1851-1855
2 Aug 1855		4	William Philip Molyneux	14 Oct 1835	27 Jun 1897	61
			Lord Lieutenant Lancashire 1858-1897
			KG 1885
27 Jun 1897		5	Charles William Hylton Molyneux	25 Jun 1867	2 Dec 1901	34
2 Dec 1901		6	Osbert Cecil Molyneux	21 Feb 1871	16 Jun 1930	59
			PC 1906
16 Jun 1930		7	Hugh William Osbert Molyneux	22 Dec 1898	13 Apr 1972	73
to			Peerage extinct on his death
13 Apr 1972
			SEFTON OF GARSTON
3 May 1978	B[L]	1	William Henry Sefton	5 Aug 1915	9 Sep 2001	86
to			Created Baron Sefton of Garston for life
9 Sep 2001			3 May 1978
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SEGAL
18 Dec 1964	B[L]	1	Samuel Segal	2 Apr 1902	4 Jun 1985	83
to			Created Baron Segal for life 18 Dec 1964
4 Jun 1985			MP for Preston 1945-1950
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SEGRAVE
28 Jun 1283	B	1	Nicholas de Segrave		Nov 1295
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Segrave 28 Jun 1283
Nov 1295		2	John de Segrave	1256	1325	69
1325		3	Stephen de Segrave		1326
1326		4	John de Segrave	1315	1353	38
1353		5	Elizabeth de Mowbray		1375
1375		6	John de Mowbray	1 Aug 1365	10 Feb 1382	16
			He had previously succeeded to the Barony
			of Mowbray (qv) in 1368 with which title
			this peerage then merged and so remains
			For information on the claim made to terminate
			this peerage's abeyance in 1877,see the note
			at the foot of this page
			SEGRAVE (of Barton Segrave)
24 Jun 1295	B	1	Nicholas de Segrave		25 Nov 1321
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Segrave 24 Jun 1295
25 Nov 1321		2	Maud de Bohun		1335
to			Peerage extinct on her death
1335
			SEGRAVE (of Berkeley Castle)
10 Sep 1831	B	1	William Fitzhardinge Berkeley	26 Dec 1786	10 Oct 1857	70
to			Created Baron Segrave 10 Sep 1831 and
10 Oct 1857			Earl Fitzhardinge 17 Aug 1841
			MP for Gloucestershire 1810. Lord
			Lieutenant Gloucester 1836
			Peerages extinct on his death
			SELBORNE
30 Dec 1882	E	1	Roundell Palmer	27 Nov 1812	4 May 1895	82
			Created Baron Selborne 23 Oct 1872
			and Viscount Wolmer and Earl of
			Selborne 30 Dec 1882
			MP for Plymouth 1847-1852 and 1853-1857,
			and Richmond 1861-1872. Solicitor General
			1861-1863. Attorney General 1863-1866.
			Lord Chancellor 1872-1874 and 1880-1885.
			PC 1872
4 May 1895		2	William Waldegrave Palmer	17 Oct 1859	26 Feb 1942	82
			MP for Petersfield 1885-1892 and
			Edinburgh West 1892-1895. First Lord of the
			Admiralty 1900-1905. Governor of the
			Transvaal 1905-1910. President of the
			Board of Agriculture and Fisheries 1915-
			1916.  PC 1900  KG 1909
26 Feb 1942		3	Roundell Cecil Palmer	15 Apr 1887	3 Sep 1971	84
			MP for Newton 1910-1918 and Aldershot
			1918-1940. Minister of Economic Warfare
			1942-1945.  PC 1929  CH 1945
			He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of
			Acceleration as Baron Selborne 9 Jan 1941
3 Sep 1971		4	John Roundell Palmer  [Elected hereditary peer	24 Mar 1940	12 Feb 2021	80
			1999-]
12 Feb 2021		5	William Lewis Palmer	1 Sep 1971
			SELBY
6 Jul 1905	V	1	William Court Gully	29 Aug 1835	6 Nov 1909	74
			Created Viscount Selby 6 Jul 1905
			MP for Carlisle 1892-1905. Speaker of the
			House of Commons 1895-1905.  PC 1895
6 Nov 1909		2	James William Herschell Gully	4 Oct 1867	2 Feb 1923	65
2 Feb 1923		3	Thomas Sutton Evelyn Gully	16 Feb 1911	18 Sep 1959	48
18 Sep 1959		4	Michael Guy John Gully	15 Aug 1942	10 Jan 1997	54
10 Jan 1997		5	Edward Thomas William Gully	21 Sep 1967	23 Jan 2001	33
23 Jan 2001		6	Christopher Rolf Thomas Gully	18 Oct 1993
			SELKIRK
4 Aug 1646	E[S]	1	Lord William Douglas-Hamilton	24 Dec 1634	18 Apr 1694	59
			Created Lord Daer and Shortcleugh
			and Earl of Selkirk 4 Aug 1646
			He was later created Duke of Hamilton (qv).
			He resigned the peerage in favour of -
1688		2	Charles Douglas	3 Feb 1663	13 Mar 1739	76
			PC 1733
13 Mar 1739		3	John Hamilton,1st Earl of Ruglen	26 Jan 1665	3 Dec 1744	79
3 Dec 1744		4	Dunbar Douglas	1 Dec 1722	24 May 1799	76
24 May 1799		5	Thomas Douglas	20 Jun 1771	8 Apr 1820	48
			Lord Lieutenant Kirkcudbright 1807-1820
8 Apr 1820		6	Dunbar James Douglas	22 Apr 1809	11 Apr 1885	75
			Lord Lieutenant Kircudbright 1845-1885
11 Apr 1885		7	Charles George Archibald Douglas-Hamilton	18 May 1847	2 May 1886	38
2 May 1886		8	William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas-Hamilton,
			12th Duke of Hamilton and 9th Duke of Brandon	12 Mar 1845	16 May 1895	50
16 May 1895		9	Alfred Douglas Douglas-Hamilton,13th Duke of
			Hamilton and 10th Duke of Brandon	6 Mar 1862	16 Mar 1940	78
16 Mar 1940		10	George Nigel Douglas-Hamilton	4 Jan 1906	24 Nov 1994	88
			Paymaster General 1953-1955. Chancellor
			of the Duchy of Lancaster 1955-1957. First
			Lord of the Admiralty 1957-1959. PC 1955
			KT 1976
			For information on the "shifting remainder" to the
			Earldom of Selkirk,see the note at the foot of
			this page
24 Nov 1994		11	James Alexander Douglas-Hamilton	31 Jul 1942	28 Nov 2023	81
to			He disclaimed the peerage for life 1994,
1994			but see "Selkirk of Douglas"
28 Nov 2023		12	John Andrew Douglas-Hamilton	8 Feb 1978
			SELKIRK OF DOUGLAS
29 Sep 1997	B[L]	1	Lord James Alexander Douglas-Hamilton	31 Jul 1942	28 Nov 2023	81
to			Created Baron Selkirk of Douglas for life
28 Nov 2023			29 Sep 1997
			MP for Edinburgh West 1974-1997. Minister
			of State,Scotland 1995-1997.  PC 1996
to			Peerage extinct on his death
			SELSDON
14 Jan 1932	B	1	Sir William Lowson Mitchell-Thompson,2nd
			baronet	15 Apr 1877	24 Dec 1938	61
			Created Baron Selsdon 14 Jan 1932
			MP for Lanark NW 1906-1910, Down North
			1910-1918, Maryhill 1918-1922 and Croydon
			South 1922-1932.  PC 1924
24 Dec 1938		2	Patrick Mitchell-Thompson	28 May 1913	7 Feb 1963	49
7 Feb 1963		3	Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thompson	27 Oct 1937	15 Sep 2024	87
			[Elected hereditary peer 1999-2021]
15 Sep 2024		4	Callum Malcolm McEacharn Mitchell-Thomson	7 Nov 1969
			SELSEY
13 Aug 1794	B	1	Sir James Peachey,4th baronet	8 Mar 1723	1 Feb 1808	84
			Created Baron Selsey 13 Aug 1794
			MP for Seaford 1759-1768
1 Feb 1808		2	John Peachey	16 Mar 1749	27 Jun 1816	67
			MP for St.Germans 1776 and Shoreham 1784
			and 1790
27 Jun 1816		3	Henry John Peachey	4 Sep 1787	10 Mar 1838	50
to			Peerage extinct on his death
10 Mar 1838
			SELWYN-LLOYD
8 Mar 1976	B[L]	1	John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd	28 Jul 1904	17 May 1978	73
to			Created Baron Selwyn-Lloyd for life
17 May 1978			8 Mar 1976
			MP for Wirral 1945-1976. Minister of State
			Foreign Office 1951-1954. Minister of
			Supply 1954-1955. Minister of Defence 1955.
			Foreign Secretary 1955-1960. Chancellor
			of the Exchequer 1960-1962. Lord Privy
			Seal 1963-1964. Speaker of the House of
			Commons 1971-1976.  PC 1951  CH 1962
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SEMPILL
1489	B[S]	1	John Sempill		9 Sep 1513
			Created Lord Sempill 1489
9 Sep 1513		2	William Sempill		3 Jun 1552
3 Jun 1552		3	Robert Sempill	c 1505	17 Jan 1576
17 Jan 1576		4	Robert Sempill		25 Mar 1611
25 Mar 1611		5	Hugh Sempill		19 Sep 1639
19 Sep 1639		6	Francis Sempill	c 1622	3 Nov 1644
3 Nov 1644		7	Robert Sempill		8 Sep 1675
8 Sep 1675		8	Francis Sempill	c 1660	4 Apr 1684
4 Apr 1684		9	Anne Abercromby		1695
1695		10	Francis Sempill	c 1685	2 Aug 1716
2 Aug 1716		11	John Sempill		17 Feb 1727
17 Feb 1727		12	Hugh Sempill	1688	25 Nov 1746	58
25 Nov 1746		13	John Sempill		15 Jan 1782
15 Jan 1782		14	Hugh Sempill	1 Jul 1758	25 Jan 1830	71
25 Jan 1830		15	Selkirk Sempill	12 Feb 1788	4 May 1835	47
4 May 1835		16	Maria Jane Sempill	3 Apr 1790	5 Sep 1884	94
5 Sep 1884		17	Sir William Forbes-Sempill,8th baronet	May 1836	21 Jul 1905	69
21 Jul 1905		18	John Forbes-Sempill	21 Aug 1863	28 Feb 1934	70
28 Feb 1934		19	William Francis Forbes-Sempill	24 Sep 1893	30 Dec 1965	72
30 Dec 1965		20	Ann Moira Sempill	19 Mar 1920	6 Jul 1995	75
6 Jul 1995		21	James William Stuart Whitemore Sempill	25 Feb 1949
			SENTAMU
27 Apr 2021	B[L]	1	John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu	10 Jun 1949
			Created Baron Sentamu for life 27 Apr 2021
			SEROTA
20 Jan 1967	B[L]	1	Beatrice Serota	15 Oct 1919	21 Oct 2002	83
to			Created Baroness Serota for life 20 Jan 1967
21 Oct 2002			Peerage extinct on her death
			SETON
1448	B[S]	1	George Seton		c 1479
			Created Lord Seton 1448
c 1479		2	George Seton		1508
1508		3	George Seton		9 Sep 1513
9 Sep 1513		4	George Seton		17 Jul 1549
17 Jul 1549		5	George Seton	c 1529	8 Jan 1585
8 Jan 1585		6	Robert Seton
			He was created Earl of Wintoun (qv) in 1600
			with which title this peerage then merged
			SETON & TRANENT
16 Nov 1600	B[S]	1	Robert Seton	c 1552	22 Mar 1603
			Created Lord Seton and Tranent and
			Earl of Winton 16 Nov 1600
			See "Winton"
			SETRINGTON
6 Oct 1613		2	Ludovic Stuart	29 Sep 1574	16 Feb 1624	49
to			Created Baron of Setrington and Earl
16 Feb 1624			of Richmond 6 Oct 1613, and Earl of
			Newcastle upon Tyne and Duke of
			Richmond 17 May 1623
			Peerages extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 Aug 1675	B	1	Charles Lennox	29 Jul 1672	27 May 1723	50
			Created Baron Setrington,Earl of
			March and Duke of Richmond 9 Aug
			1675 and Lord of Torboltoun,Earl of
			Darnley and Duke of Lennox 9 Sep 1675
			See "Richmond"
			The special remainder to the Barony of Savile
			From the "London Gazette" of 26 October 1888 (issue 25869, page 5819):-
			"The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the
			United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland granting the dignity of a Baron of the said United
			Kingdom unto the Right Honourable Sir John Savile, G.C.B., and the heirs male of his body
			lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Savile, of Rufford, in the county of
			Nottingham; with remainder, in default of such issue male, to John Savile Lumley, Esq., (only
			son of Frederick Savile Lumley, Clerk, Rector of Bilsthorpe, in the county of Nottingham,
			deceased), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten."
			The special remainder to the Viscountcy of Scarsdale created in 1911
			From the "London Gazette" of 3 November 1911 (issue 28547, page 7951):-
			"The King has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
			Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the 2nd instant, to grant the dignities of Baron, Viscount,
			and Earl of the said United Kingdom unto The Right Honourable George Nathaniel, Baron Curzon
			of Kedleston, in that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Ireland,
			Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, Knight Grand
			Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and the heirs male of his body
			lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Baron Ravensdale of Ravensdale in the
			county of Derby, .........Viscount Scarsdale of Scarsdale in the said county of Derby, with
			remainder in default of male issue to his father, Alfred Nathaniel Holden, Baron Scarsdale, of
			Nathaniel Holden, Baron Scarsdale, of the county of Derby, and to the heirs male of his body
			lawfully begotten; and Earl Curzon of Kedleston in the said county of Derby."
			Francis William Ogilvy-Grant, 10th Earl of Seafield
			The following (edited) article appeared in the 'Brisbane Courier' on 27 March 1889:-
			'The late Earl of Seafield had a career seldom found outside of romance. Scotland may well drop
			a tear with the thousands of New Zealand who lately gathered in the "White City by the Sea'
			[presumably Auckland] to pay last honours to one of her noblest sons, who had a heart above
			all his self inflicted misfortunes and under the hardest conditions made good a supreme title to
			sterling worth.
			'Upwards of twenty years ago, when he was a strong-boned lad of 18, he had in the West
			Indies a remarkable misadventure. He was then a midshipman on board the Challenger, under
			Captain Gordon. Permitted to go on shore at Jamaica, he and another found the air of the Blue
			Mountains so pleasant and exhilarating that they unpardonably exceeded their leave, and found
			on return to the ships their names struck off the books, and their effects sold to the highest
			bidder among the crew. Grant was sent home in the Buzzard, which on its way touched at
			Barbados, and here, being a free passenger, he left the protection of friends, and with only a
			few shillings in his pocket, and totally inexperienced in any way of producing the means of
			livelihood for the day, he plunged into the dark chances of an over-peopled land, too advanced
			in civilisation to take notice of the needs of a stranger.
			'Finding no rest in busy Barbados, he sailed westward in a drogher [a small craft used in the
			West Indies] to one of those lovely Grenadines which, as emeralds, rising out of the soft blue
			Caribbean Sea, more than rival the far-famed isles of Greece. Here, at Cariacou [now spelled
			Carriacou and the largest island in the Grenadines which form part of Grenada], the Scottish
			medical man, Dr. Lang, kindly gave him quarters; but here began his troubles, which caused
			no small stir and talk in the colony, and form a most interesting illustration of the great wrong
			that may come out of too ready a trust in untested circumstantial evidence. While Grant was
			being hospitably entertained by the few families in Cariacou, Commander Franklin, of the
			Constance, sent word to the authorities that his body-servant had run off with money and
			dressing-case, and was believed to have gone to that outlying island and dependency.
			'As the stipendiary magistrate and head of the police, Mr. Horne, was reading the missive, a
			constable happened to come in from Cariacou, who was asked whether any stranger or white
			sailor was there at that time. The answer was that there was one giving himself out as a naval
			officer. Things fitting so neatly, Horne at once jumped to the conclusion that this must be
			Commander Franklin's runaway servant, and nothing could rid the worthy and kind-hearted man
			of this error until events covered him with confusion. At once he issued an order to bring him
			to St. George's, the chief town and seat of Government. His host, Dr. Lang, impressed that he
			was no imposter, resisted the execution of the warrant, and was subsequently reprimanded by
			the Governor for so doing, while his neighbour, a major of Volunteers, was unnerved and
			horrified by the thought that he had entertained at luncheon such a waif of the sea as
			Commander Franklin's runaway servant………..
			'After some incidents by the way which did not disabuse the constable of the idea of his
			prisoner's guilt, Francis Grant was brought to town, and was next found in the guard-room of
			Fort George, then used as a police station, deftly brushing his boots on his feet, and clothed
			in a well-worm brown shooting suit. To a sympathising fellow-countryman he protested that
			he was the victim of a mistake, and in corroboration showed photographs of his father and
			stepmother and other members of his family; but as the theory was that the runaway as
			reported was very cunning and plausible, it was conceived that he might have become
			possessed of these likenesses in the capacity of a servant, so that the more poor Grant said
			in vindication of himself the more were those most favourable to him constrained simply to
			hold their judgment in suspense.
			'Brought before the magistrate, and some members of the council who happened to be present,
			Grant, in a self-possessed and dignified way, asked him to read the description which
			Commander Franklin gave of his servant, and compare it with the person and features of
			himself, the prisoner at the bar. "Look at my eyes," said Grant, "and see if there be any
			resemblance." But so possessed was the magistrate by his first illusion, and so pleased was he
			with the idea of being able to serve the commander, that he abruptly terminated the
			proceedings. "It's no use going into these things, my man," said he, "I can bring a washerwoman
			who is able to prove that you brought Commander Franklin's dirty clothes to her when his ship
			was here six weeks ago."
			'Forthwith Mr. Grant was taken to the common prison at the foot of Fort George to wait the
			arrival of the first ship of war……For a companion through the day he had a coolie waiting his
			trial for murder and a flipper-fin limbed negro, a notorious thief, who could not go out with the
			penal gang. After three weeks the Admiralty surveying ship Gannet slipped into the harbour to
			coal. Captain Chimme…..being communicated with, sent a sub-lieutenant and quartermaster
			ashore to bring the prisoner on board, but what was the surprise of the sub-lieutenant and his
			henchman when they found in him a friend with whom they had both formerly served. How
			delighted were they both to be the means of his liberation!
			'His first impulse on gaining freedom was to go and express thanks to the only one who had
			sympathised with him in his troubles, and next to invest his last half-crown in a horsewhip
			for the magistrate and all his other police tormentors, but on being persuaded by the Scottish
			minister that all these functionaries were heartily grieved by what had happened, and would
			be almost ready to undergo a horse-whipping if this would be any satisfaction for an outrage
			on a scion of the noblest of the British aristocracy, he generously forgave them, and for three
			months, during which he lived in the Scottish manse, he saw them with equanimity every day.'
			The Seafield Peerage Claim of 1925-1926
			In October 1925, a Mr. Alexander Grant, a 78-year old retired Army tutor, brought a claim
			before the Court of Session in Edinburgh to the Earldom of Seafield.
			Reference to the standard peerage works will show that the eldest surviving son of the 6th Earl
			of Seafield, who was known by the courtesy title of Viscount Reidhaven, was married on 12
			August 1850 to the Hon. Caroline Stuart, youngest daughter of the 11th Lord Blantyre.
			The claimant's argument was that he was the eldest lawful son of Viscount Reidhaven and
			Caroline Stuart. He stated that Reidhaven and Caroline first met in 1845 or 1846 at either
			Dochfour or at Beaufort Castle. At that time, Caroline would have been 15 or 16. At the end of
			October or the beginning of November 1846, Caroline, according to the claimant, sailed secretly
			from the Clyde for Cullen, in the neighbourhood of the Seafield estate. Lord Reidhaven was also
			on board, and the claimant alleged that he [Reidhaven] and Caroline entered into a marriage by
			verbal declaration before witnesses on the ship. As a result of a violent storm, the ship put in
			to Banff where the party landed, and, on the night of the landing, Caroline gave birth to a child,
			whom the claimant alleged was himself.
			The claimant further alleged that the whole affair was kept in obscurity, and that about a week
			after his birth, he was taken by night into the care of one of the gardeners at Gordon Castle, a
			Mr. Grant, who, together with his wife, then became his foster parents, and who received a
			liberal allowance for his maintenance and education from Lord Reidhaven. Subsequently, Lord
			Reidhaven and Caroline Stuart went through a public marriage ceremony in London in 1850.
			Obviously, the key to the success of Grant's claim was his ability to provide evidence in support
			of the supposed ship-board marriage and that he was the product of this alleged union. Bearing
			in mind that the events had happened nearly 80 years previously, he faced an uphill battle. As a
			result, he relied on an alleged resemblance to his parents in features, gait and mannerisms. Such
			evidence, however, was found to be irrelevant and inadmissible under Scottish law.
			In September 1926, Grant abandoned his claim and was required to pay the expenses of the
			defendants. He died seven months later, on 19 April 1927.
			*******************
			While the claim to the peerage was still continuing, the Dowager Countess of Seafield, and her
			daughter, the 20-year old Countess of Seafield in her own right, were also forced to battle
			against a Mr. George Wilberforce Grant in a libel case. The Dowager Countess was the widow of
			the 11th Earl of Seafield, who had died in 1915 from wounds received in the Great War.  She
			had married him in June 1898, and, on the death of her husband, their daughter, who had been
			born in 1906 and was therefore still a minor, had become Countess of Seafield in her own right.
			George Wilberforce Grant was a friend of Alexander Grant, the claimant to the Seafield peerage.
			Perhaps in an attempt to help Alexander, George wrote a letter to the editor of the 'Strathspey
			Herald' in January 1925 in which he asked whether the editor was aware that "……the present
			Countess is said not to be her [i.e. the Dowager Countess's] daughter" and that "she is drawing
			money to which she is not entitled."
			Not surprisingly, the Dowager Countess sued George Wilberforce Grant for libel. The plaintiffs'
			case was that the words used in the letter inferred that the Countess was an illegitimate child,
			that the Dowager Countess had fraudulently obtained for her daughter a rank and title to which
			she was not entitled, and that this was done in order to obtain money to which she was not
			entitled. As the defendant called no evidence, the jury had little difficulty in finding him guilty
			of libel and awarded damages of £1,500 to the plaintiffs.
			The Seaforth Curse
			Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Seaforth, was married to Isabella Mackenzie of Tarbat, sister
			of the 1st Earl of Cromartie. She brought to the marriage, according to contemporary comment,
			'neither beauty, parts, portion nor relation.'
			Shortly after the Restoration, the Earl, apparently tired of Isabella's shrewishness, went on a
			trip to Paris where he found ample reasons for postponing his return to Scotland. Isabella
			became increasingly annoyed with her husband's behaviour and called in a well-known seer, by
			coincidence also named Kenneth Mackenzie, but generally known as Coinneach Odhar or the
			Brahan Seer. She demanded to know what her husband was up to. The seer replied that, as
			far as he could tell, her husband was in excellent health. When she pressed him further,
			however, the tactless seer declared that the Earl 'was in a handsome room, and with him were
			two ladies, one sitting on his knee, the other playing with his curls.'
			Isabella thereupon flew into a towering rage and ordered the seer to be taken there and then to
			be hanged. Before he was executed, the seer made the following predictions:
			'I see into the far future, and I read the doom of the race of my oppressor. The long-descended
			line of Seaforth will, ere many generations have passed, end in extinction and in sorrow. I see a
			chief, the last of his house, both deaf and dumb. He will be the father of four fair sons, all of
			whom he will follow to the tomb……after lamenting over the last and most promising of his sons,
			he himself shall sink into the grave, and the remnant of his possessions shall be inherited by a
			white-hooded lassie from the East, and she is to kill her sister. And as a sign that these things
			are coming to pass, there shall be four great lairds in the days of the last deaf and dumb
			Seaforth - Gairloch, Chisholm, Grant and Raasay - of whom one shall be buck-toothed, another
			hare-lipped, another half-witted and the fourth a stammerer. Chiefs distinguished by these
			personal marks shall be allies and neighbours of the last Seaforth; and when he looks around
			him and sees them, he may know that his sons are doomed to death, that his broad lands shall
			pass away to the stranger, and that his race shall come to an end.'
			The first Earldom of Seaforth was forfeited in 1716 following the 1715 Jacobite uprising.
			The Earldom was revived in 1771, but again became extinct ten years later. Eventually, in
			1797, Francis Humberstone Mackenzie, a cousin of the Earl of the second creation, was in
			turn created Baron Seaforth.
			The results of the seer's curse now began to emerge. When he was about 12 or 13, Francis
			Humberstone Mackenzie was at a school where an outbreak of scarlet fever occurred. While on
			his sickbed, he had a remarkable dream. In his dream, the door opposite his bed opened, and a
			hideous old woman entered the room. She went from bed to bed, examining the boys in the
			sick-room. After examining some of the boys, she took out a mallet and a peg, and placing the
			peg on the boy's forehead, she hammered it into his skull with the mallet - other boys she
			touched, and still others she left alone. The old woman, having completed a circuit of the room,
			then disappeared. When young Mackenzie awoke, he reported the dream to the doctor, who
			was so impressed with it that he wrote down the details. To the doctor's horror, he noticed that
			those boys whom Mackenzie had described as having a peg driven into their foreheads, were
			those who eventually died of the fever; those whom the old hag had touched all suffered from
			the effects of the fever, and those she had ignored all recovered with no after-effects. In his
			dream, the hag had touched Mackenzie's ears and when he finally left his sickbed Mackenzie
			was almost stone deaf and, over the ensuing years, almost entirely ceased to speak.
			One after another, his four sons (three of whom reached adulthood) died. His youngest son,
			William Frederick Mackenzie, as foretold, was the most promising, being MP for Ross-shire in
			1812 and dying in 1814, aged 23. At the same time, other elements of the curse were coming
			to fruition - four lairds were afflicted in the various ways described in the prophecy. Sir Hector
			Mackenzie of Gairloch was buck-toothed, Chisholm of Chisholm was hare-lipped, Grant of Grant
			was half-witted and Macleod of Raasay stammered.
			Within five months of the death of the last of his sons, Lord Seaforth died, the last male of his
			race. But the curse still had two elements to be fulfilled - that a white-hooded lady from the
			East would inherit the estates and that she would kill her sister. On Lord Seaforth's death, the
			estates were inherited by his eldest surviving daughter, Mary Mackenzie. She had married a
			British admiral who was stationed in the East Indies. She returned 'from the East' to inherit the
			estates, and the name of her husband?……Sir Samuel Hood.
			After Sir Samuel died , Mary remarried and became Mrs Stuart. Her husband added the name
			Mackenzie to his own and she therefore became Mrs Stuart-Mackenzie. The husband, James
			Alexander Stuart-Mackenzie was MP for Ross and Cromarty 1831-1837, when he was appointed
			Governor of Ceylon.
			One day Mary was out driving in a pony carriage with her younger sister, Caroline. Suddenly,
			something spooked the ponies, which bolted and both ladies were thrown out of the carriage.
			Mary was only bruised, but Caroline sustained fatal injuries. As Mary was driving the carriage at
			the time of the accident, it could be argued that she was the innocent cause of her sister's
			death, thus fulfilling the final portion of the seer's prophecy.
			Lest it be thought that the seer's prophecy came to light only after it had been fulfilled, all the
			references that I have found state that the prophecy was widely known well before the death
			of the last of the Seaforths in 1815.
			John Colborne, son of the 1st Baron Seaton (1830-13 February 1890)
			Colborne was an army officer, who, due to a weakness for gambling and ladies of the stage,
			found himself in financial hot water which caused him to fall into the hands of moneylenders.
			Realising the trap into which he had fallen, he determined to warn others, and therefore wrote
			and published a pamphlet denouncing moneylenders, for which he was prosecuted for criminal
			libel. The following article appeared in the 'Cairns [Queensland] Post' on 14 June 1935. I hasten
			to disassociate myself from the anti-Semitic extracts from Colborne's pamphlet which are quoted
			in the article - they are certainly not views which I share.
			'In April, 1865, Captain John Colborne, of the 60th Rifles, a younger son of Field-Marshal Lord
			Seaton, a veteran of the Peninsula War, who commanded the 52nd Foot at Waterloo, and
			subsequently was appointed Lieut.-Governor of Canada, was tried at [the] Old Bailey on a
			criminal charge of publishing [a] defamatory libel, and was found guilty. At the time of the trial
			Captain Colborne was 35 years of age.
			'As a young military officer he had followed the example of others who had more money to
			spend, and he soon got into debt. He developed a taste for cards and horses, and for the
			societies of ladies connected with the stage. He had a set of luxurious chambers in London,
			where he spent week ends when he was off duty while his regiment was stationed at Aldershot.
			In order to escape from the importunities of duns and bailiffs, he went to a money lender, from
			whom he had received an alluring letter, which declared that "a private gentleman having large
			sums at his disposal will make advances of up to one thousand pounds (or more) on note of
			hand at moderate interest and without preliminary fees or security of any description. Special
			terms for army officers. Transactions completed at first interview. Write or call."
			'Captain Colborne, on calling at the address given in Pall Mall, met Mr. Lazarus, who, after
			obtaining particulars about his position and family connections, gave him £500 in bank notes, in
			exchange for the captain's signature to a promissory note. When the note became due it was
			not paid, and when, in response to repeated requests, Captain Colborne called on Mr. Lazarus
			to explain that it was inconvenient for him to pay just then he was given further time on
			signing a new note for a larger amount. He was also allowed to increase the capital debt. But if
			the captain had any expectation of being able to wipe off his debt to Mr. Lazarus from profits
			derived from cards and bookmakers he was disappointed. He had to borrow from other money
			lenders to pay off Mr. Lazarus, and to borrow again to pay them.
			'In taking stock of his position, some time later he found that he had borrowed £2000, and that
			after deducting various payments made, he still owed the money lenders £4000. He was not
			much of a hand at figures, but he felt that the money lenders had taken advantage of his
			inexperience in financial matters. He decided to warn other young men from falling into their
			clutches, by writing a pamphlet exposing their tactics. The pamphlet was entitled "The Vampires
			of London: An Exposition of the Usurers of London and How They Snare Their Victims."
			"As a detective takes the curious round the cribs and boozing dens, the haunts of the cracks-
			men and the  swell mobsmen, let us conduct our readers to the den of the vampire and show
			them his victims," wrote Captain Colborne, who modestly withheld his name as the author of the
			pamphlet, and issued it under the nom de plume of "Aperitemos." "Officers of the army are the
			prey which many of the vampires prefer," he continued. "They can be pounced upon more
			easily than other game; when 'wanted' they can be found; they frequently live beyond their
			means; and are often reckless as long as they have cash." He referred to the money lenders by
			such names as "Ikey," "Moses" and "Abraham." and of one of them he wrote: "Incredible as it
			may seem, this man, who has ruined a number of officers, has been allowed a commission for his
			son, a major in a newly-raised regiment. We wonder if he touts for his respectable papa."
			"It now remains only to briefly touch on the worst phase of the gang's villany [sic]," continued
			the pamphlet. "So black is this that we shall only hint at it ......... In their dens are sometimes
			to be met - accidentally, of course - dark-haired Rebeccas, black-eyed Rachels, and beautiful
			but beaky Leahs. Perhaps they only glide through the dark office during the temporary absence
			of the master, or ascend the stairs as a gentleman enters or exits. What these appearances
			often end with may be imagined. How Delilah cuts the hair of Samson!  How sometimes these
			beautiful daughters of Zion weep by the waters of modern Babylon, i.e. Greenwich, about their
			troubles and expenses; and how he who has led them captive is ultimately inveigled into
			giving a cheque, which 'Papa' will cash!"
			'The pamphlet contained a reference to the "Finny Tribe" and more particularly to the "Notorious
			Arch Vampire, Finny Davis, off Bond-street, who has ruined no less that three hundred
			gentlemen of property, and involved scores of estates in inevitable ruin." Mr Phineas Davis, of
			Clifford-street, off Bond-street, who practised as a solicitor and carried on business as a money
			lender, thought that the anonymous author referred to him as the "Notorious Arch Vampire,"
			and the scandalous references to dark-haired Rebeccas, black-eyed Rachels and beautiful but
			beaky Leahs" concerned his three daughters, whose maiden names were Rebecca, Rachel and
			Leah. It came out in evidence that Captain Colborne's direct transactions with Mr Davis were
			limited to a little legal business (the fee for which was never paid) and borrowing from him £5,
			which was never returned.
			'The pamphlet was distributed at various clubs and regimental messes. Mr Davis discovered that
			Captain Colborne had written it, and he instituted criminal proceedings against him for
			defamatory libel. After a preliminary hearing at the Guildhall, accused was committed to the
			general sessions at Old Bailey. He was released on bail, and on the day his trial was to begin he
			did not appear. It was ascertained that he had been arrested for debt and placed in Maidstone
			prison. But means were found to enable him to come to Old Bailey.
			'Public sympathy was entirely on the side of Captain Colborne. "Though he may have broken the
			law in its strict interpretation," said his counsel, "yet he has not done anything which is the
			least degree inconsistent with the honour of a gentleman, or which would bring a blush to the
			cheek of those who know him best." Counsel went on to say that his client had been actuated
			by a "laudable desire to purge the metropolis of individuals mixed up in a nefarious traffic." No
			language was strong enough to condemn this traffic, for "as a result of its workings great
			families have been reduced to nothing, the highest hopes of youth have been blasted, and the
			promise held out to them by the possession of talent has been destroyed." Counsel condemned
			the "vindictiveness" of the prosecutor in bringing an action for criminal libel instead of a civil
			action; but counsel for the prosecution pointed out that the only result of a civil action would
			have been a verdict for damages, "the recovery of which would have been somewhat
			problematical." The captain's counsel withdrew the plea of justification, and all the statements
			in the pamphlet reflecting on Mr Davis, and expressed regret that they had been made.
			'The jury had no option but a verdict of guilty, but they added a strong recommendation to
			mercy on the ground that civil, and not criminal, proceedings should have been taken. The judge
			referred to the fact that the accused had abandoned his original plea of justification, and that
			the jury had recommended him to mercy. He thought the ends of justice would be met by
			imposing a fine of £20.'
			The termination of the abeyances of the Baronies of Segrave and Mowbray in 1878
			The following report appeared in "The York Herald" of 30 July 1877:-
			'The House of Lords have given a decision in the case of Lord Stourton, of Allerton Park, in
			this county [Yorkshire], claiming to be the senior co-heir to the barony of Segrave. The barony
			of Segrave is an ancient dignity, which existed previously to the time at which an enrolment
			was made of the writs of summons by which the Parliaments of England were convened. Gilbert
			Segrave, the son and heir of Stephen Segrave, Justiciar of England in 1232, was a distinguished
			statesman and military commander in the reign of Henry III, and his son, Nicholas de Segrave,
			was one of the Barons of the realm in the 45th of Henry III. John, the great grandson of
			Nicholas, left an only daughter, Elizabeth, who married John de Mowbray about the middle of
			the 14th century, and their second son, Thomas, Lord Mowbray and Segrave, was subsequently
			created Earl of Nottingham in 1383, Earl Marshal in 1386, and Duke of Norfolk in 1397. He married
			Elizabeth, one of the four daughters and co-heirs of Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, and had
			issue by her - first, Thomas, Earl of Norfolk and Nottingham and Earl Marshal, who was beheaded
			at York in 1405; secondly, John, Lord Mowbray, who succeeded his brother; Lady Margaret
			Mowbray, the ancestor of the petitioner; and Lady Isabel Mowbray, who married James, Baron
			Berkeley, they being the ancestors of the Earls and Barons of Berkeley. The baronies of Mowbray
			and Segrave having fallen into abeyance on the death of Edward, Duke of Norfolk, in 1777,
			between the petitioner's ancestor and the ancestor of Lord Petre, and being now in abeyance
			between the petitioner and Lord Petre, the former prayed their Lordships to report to her
			Majesty that the barony in question was in abeyance between the petitioner and Lord Petre,
			and was at her Majesty's disposal.
			'The Lord Chancellor [Lord Cairns], in delivering judgment, said that their lordships had heard the
			evidence which had been given in this case, and which, in his opinion, clearly established the
			right of the petitioner to this peerage. The first question to be decided was how early a date
			would their lordships be justified in assigning to this peerage, and, secondly, whether the proof
			was sufficient to show that bthe abeyance of the peerage in the time of Richard III had been
			determined in favour of John Howard, Duke of Norfolk. In his opinion, it would be unsafe for their
			lordships to assign an earlier date to the peerage than the 11th of Edward I [i.e. 1283], leaving
			the question of precedence to be attached to it an open question for the present. The fact that
			King Richard III had, under his own hand, described John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, as Lord
			Mowbray and Segrave was sufficient evidence to show that the abeyance of the peerage had
			been determined in favour of that nobleman, and the Garter plates referred to, which must have
			been put up in the Chapel Royal in the presence of the Sovereign, were strong additional
			corroborative evidence that the title was rightly assumed.
			'Lord O'Hagan, Lord Blackburn, and Lord Gordon concurred. Lord Redesdale, while agreeing
			generally with the other noble lords, declined to accept the Garter plates as evidence that the
			title was rightly assumed, because the Garter King-at-Arms would have conferred upon him all
			the powers of a Committee for Privilege. It was also very important that their Lordships should
			bear in mind that this was the first time that the date of a peerage had been assigned an earlier
			date than that appearing by the writ of summons.
			'Claim allowed.'
			As a result the abeyance of the Barony of Mowbray was terminated on 3 January 1878, and
			that of the Barony of Segrave was terminated on 18 January 1878.
			William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne
			During his father's lifetime, the future 2nd Earl of Selborne was known by the courtesy title of
			Viscount Wolmer. It was under this name that he sat in the House of Commons for Hampshire
			East between 1885 and 1892 and for Edinburgh West between 1892 and 1895. The death of
			his father in 1895 was the catalyst for a decision of an important point of peerage law relating
			to the rights of peers to sit in the House of Commons.
			The 1st Earl died on 4 May 1895. On 13 May 1895, the 2nd Earl entered the House of Commons
			during Question Time and  took the seat which he formerly used to occupy as Viscount
			Wolmer. His argument was that, even though he had succeeded to the Earldom, he had not yet
			applied for a writ to be summoned to the House of Lords, and that as long as he continued to
			fail to apply for such a writ, he was entitled to remain in the House of Commons. The matter
			was referred to a Committee of the House, which reported that this argument could not be
			sustained. This decision therefore established that a member's right to a seat in the House of
			Commons became invalid at the moment that the member inherited a peerage, no matter
			whether he had received a writ of summons to the House of Lords or not (always assuming that
			the peerage was not an Irish peerage, which did not affect the right of a member to remain in
			the House). This interpretation remained in force until 1963, when the Peerage Act of that year
			allowed the disclaimer of peerages.
			This decision is in stark contrast to the decision made in relation to the 2nd Baron Coleridge (qv)
			less than a year earlier.
			The Earldom of Selkirk and its "shifting remainder"
			The Dukes of Hamilton and the Earls of Selkirk descend from the marriage in 1656 of Anne
			Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton in her own right, to William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk. He
			subsequently changed his name to Hamilton and, in 1660, was created Duke of Hamilton,
			but for his life only.
			In October 1688, the Duke surrendered his previous titles of Earl of Selkirk and Lord Daer and
			Shortcleugh to the Crown and obtained a 'novodamus' or regranting of these titles, but with
			a different remainder, one which is unique to the Scottish peerage.
			This remainder provided that:-
			(a) the titles would pass to the heirs male of the 1st Earl of Selkirk's younger sons before the
			heirs male of his eldest son, who was heir apparent to his mother's Dukedom of Hamilton.
			(b) if the person who would otherwise inherit the title of Earl of Selkirk was already Duke of
			Hamilton, or would inherit the Dukedom at the same time as he would inherit the Earldom of
			Selkirk, then the title of Earl of Selkirk would pass to that Duke's next oldest surviving
			brother.
			(c) if the titles were ever held by a Duke of Hamilton, either because an Earl of Selkirk
			succeeded as a Duke of Hamilton, or because provision (b) above became inoperable
			because the heir was a Duke of Hamilton who had no surviving younger brothers, the title
			Earl of Selkirk would pass on that Duke's death to his second surviving son.
			(d) if the titles had passed to a younger brother or younger son under (b) or (c) above, they
			would then pass to his heirs male on his death, BUT
			(e) if such a younger son's or younger brother's heirs male died out, the title would not pass
			to his own younger brothers and their heirs male, but would instead revert to the senior
			male line with provisions (b) and (c) operating as before.
			The effect of this remainder is that the dukedom of Hamilton descends as usual to heirs male,
			but the earldom and its attendant baronies are diverted to the second son. Should this and
			other cadet lines fail, the earldom of Selkirk reverts to the Duke of Hamilton at that time as
			heir of the first Earl; but then the "special destination" of 1688 again diverts it to his younger
			brother, if he has one: if not, it descends with the dukedom until such time as a qualified
			younger son appears to carry on a new line of earls.
			The contemplated situation has occurred twice - firstly in 1885, on the death of the 6th Earl
			of Selkirk, who died without male issue, when the earldom thereupon reverted to the younger
			brother of the 12th Duke of Hamilton.  When this younger brother (the 7th Earl of Selkirk)
			died unmarried in the following year, the Earldom of Selkirk passed back to the dukedom, with
			which it remained united until the death of the 13th Duke of Hamilton in 1940. When the 14th
			Duke of Hamilton succeeded in 1940, he had a younger brother, Lord Nigel Douglas-Hamilton,
			who under the provisions of the remainder, became the 10th Earl of Selkirk.
			Similar devices to prevent the mergers of peerages also occurred on other occasions within
			the Scottish peerage. In 1674, Margaret, Countess of Rothes in her own right, married the 5th
			Earl of Haddington. The marriage contract stated that the Earl would resign his own peerage in
			favour of their second and other younger sons, so as to keep it distinct from that of Rothes.
			When the 5th Earl of Haddington died in 1685, he was succeeded in that peerage by his
			younger son, whereas the eldest son had to wait until 1700 before he could succeed to the
			earldom of Rothes.
			Again, an attempt was made to keep separate the earldoms of Stair and Dumfries after the
			next brother of the 2nd Earl of Stair married the Countess of Dumfries in her own right. The
			second Earl obtained a novodamus in 1707 which had the effect of shifting the remainder to
			the second and younger sons of his brother. In 1747, he executed a deed which nominated
			the son of his youngest brother to succeed him in the titles, but this was struck down by
			the House of Lords in 1748, presumably on the ground that such deed had been executed
			after the Act of Union of 1707. The heir nominated, John Dalrymple, did, however, eventually
			succeed to the earldom of Stair in 1768, but not to the earldom of Dumfries, which went to
			a collateral line.
			"Shifting remainders" are confined to peerages of Scotland created before the Act of Union
			in 1707. The use of such remainders in the peerages of Great Britain and the United Kingdom
			were held to be invalid by the decision of the House of Lords in the case of the Buckhurst
			peerage in 1876 (qv).
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